Dehydration is the lack of adequate body fluids for the body to perform its functions at the optimum. It can occur by fluid loss, lack of intake, or both together.

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Dehydration from loss. It can occur in situations:

* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Excessive loss in urine (polyuria)
* Profuse sweating (fever situations, for example)

2. Dehydration due to lack of supply. It can occur in situations:

* Nausea
* Stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) or throat (the pharynx)
* Acute illness with loss of appetite. It is more important in children, sick and feverish, refusing fluids.
* Losses of up to 5% are considered mild, up to 10%, moderate and up to 15%, severe. Severe dehydration can lead to cardiovascular collapse (shock) and death if not treated quickly.

Clinical symptoms

* Presence of vomiting, diarrhea, sweating
* Low fluid intake
* Sunken eyes
* Language and mucous membranes dry or sticky mouth
* “Sign of the fold” to the skin is lacking its normal elasticity and if one pinched, resulting not fold back into place.

Diagnosis

Physical examination. Usually low blood pressure and rapid pulse (tachycardia).

Analytical. There may be changes in the ions (electrolytes) from the blood, increases in urea and plasma creatinine (for the defensive posture of the kidney to dehydration) and acidosis (increased CO2 in the blood).

Treatment

Mild dehydration is treated with oral replacement of fluids and salts (ions), using where possible commercial rehydration solutions (type Sueroral, Bebesales, etc.) or home, such as the “Lemonade alkaline.” This is prepared by dissolving in 1 liter of water juice of 2 lemons, one tablespoon of baking soda and sugar to taste.

Severe dehydration requires intravenous fluids, and usually hospitalization.

Forecast

The early recognition and treatment of dehydration leads to a rapid restoration. Untreated severe dehydration can result in convulsions, permanent brain damage or death.

* You must select an appropriate size and length of crutches for weight and height. This put the crutches close to the body from the feet, hands to pick them shoulders should not rise or leave, is what is called anatomical position.
* You must use a shoe with good traction, comfortable and closed.
* Clothing should allow freedom of movement and be comfortable.

Technique

There are three basic rules for walking with crutches correctly:

* Look straight ahead.
* Keep upright.
* The crutches laying along each foot and a little forward.

Body Support

The body support and progress will be different depending on the injury:

If you can support both feet

* Standing must take three of the four possible support.

1. Left foot.
2. Right foot.
3. Right crutch.
4. Left foot.

* To ride should advance both crutches at the same height. Walking with Crutches Technique

* Forward one foot and then the other.

If you can only support a Pie

* Standing must take three of the four possible support, and drop the weight on the sound limb.

1. Left foot.
2. Right foot.
3. Right crutch.
4. Left foot.

* For we must move first to walk on crutches and the affected limb.
* Then, dropping the weight on the crutches move with the sound limb.

The correct treatment in an eye injury immediately after an accident can prevent vision loss.

* Particles in the Eyes. Do not rub your eye. Lift the upper eyelid over the lower lid allowing the lower lashes rub the particles off the inside of the upper eyelid. Blink a few times and let the eye move the particle out. If the particle remains inside the eye, keep your eye closed and seek medical help.

* Cut eye and eyelid. Seek medical help immediately. Do not attempt to wash the eye or remove any object embedded in the eye. Never apply pressure to the injured eye or eyelid. Be careful not to rub the eye.

* Beat in the eye. Immediately apply ice compresses to reduce pain and inflammation. A black eye and blurred vision may be signs of internal damage in the eye. See your ophthalmologist immediately.

* Chemical burns. Wet the eye with water immediately, using your fingers to keep the eye open as possible. Keep your head under a faucet or shower, or pour water gently into the eye from a container for at least fifteen minutes. Move eyeball as often as possible to wash the eye. Do not use eyewash or bandage the eye.

First Aid for eye injuries

It is important to remember that first aid is immediate treatment is given “first,” until experienced medical help is available.

Summary-When an accident affects one eye, you should get medical help immediately if any pain or any question with respect to the eye or vision damage. An appropriate and prompt treatment of eye injury can save your eyesight. The most effective treatment for eye injuries is prevention.

Know first aid for burns is very important, because it will help to avoid initial mistakes.

In the first instance immediately remove all objects in direct contact with skin: rings, watches, bracelets, etc. Determine what type of burn is. According to depth are classified into three types: the first, second or third grade.

• First-degree burns
There will be redness and burning in the affected part. Cool the burn immediately with cool water for at least 10 minutes and then cover with cold compresses. Then drain and cover with a dry dressing. Try to immobilize the affected area and give them to drink plenty of fluids to the patient.

• Second-degree burns
Wash immediately with cold water for 5-10 minutes. If the blister is intact not broken. Disinfect with antiseptic and apply some ointment for burns, then place a clean dry dressing.

If the blister is broken will be treated as a wound: Wash your hands with soap and water, disinfect the area with antiseptic, and will cut the dead skin around the wound with a sterile forceps and scissors. Disinfect again and cover with a sterile dressing. If you have pain, you can take a mild analgesic.

• Third degree burns
Do not remove pieces of clothing, or break blisters appear. It is best to wash the area with cool water for 5-10 minutes and then wrap the area or person. If burns are extensive, use a damp cloth with water or serum. Immediately go to a hospital and during the move constantly monitor the level of consciousness, breathing and pulse of the person concerned.

The evil of the movement. Malaise, pallor, cold sweat, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, nervousness and apprehension are some of the symptoms of bad motion-sickness persistent because their balance system note discrepancies between what his senses and the information that reaches the brain.

Motion Sickness Remedies

To avoid … Do not drink milk or coffee before the trip because the nervousness increases the acidity of the digestive system and makes it difficult to digest. It is preferable to tea, an infusion, a yoghurt or apple juice before leaving. Avoid foods high in fat and difficult to digest, it is best to take some toast with a bit of ham, cheese, not too fat or oil. This plan will help prevent dizziness.

Whether you are traveling by car or boat should not be starting the journey without food, a piece of fruit, bread or toast will suffice, but it is essential to limit fluid intake to avoid dizziness. If, however, the journey is by air is necessary to drink water or fruit juice every hour until it lands to avoid dehydration.

If traveling by boat, you should not leave the deck with an empty stomach. The old “sea dogs” advised to chew a slice of lemon or a slice of ginger.

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We all know that the vast majority of children love sports and play for a long time. Regardless of the hours they spend in the sun, often staying several hours under the sun produces heat stroke. To avoid it you should take into account the following recommendations.

-Do not expose yourself for long hours in the sun.

-Feed you properly.

-Drink plenty of water.

What are the symptoms?

- Congestion in the face.

- Headache.

- Rapid breathing.

- Weak pulse.

- Seizures and delirium.

- Sweating.

What should I do if someone close suffer from heat stroke?

- Put people in a cool head high and face up.

- Place wet, cold compresses on the forehead.

- Place cold cloths over the whole body for fever.

- Give to drink water at room temperature.

If the patient does not improve, call your emergency medical service or drive to a hospital.

Nasal bleeding is very common and the most common causes are nasal trauma, rhinitis (including allergic), or breathing excessively dry air. A lot of nosebleeds occur with no apparent reason.

Most nosebleeds come from the nasal septum and are usually very easy to stop. In some people nosebleeds come from deeper areas of the nose, and they bled, they are less frequent, are much more difficult to cut.

Emergency treatment of nosebleeds

- Sitting or standing remain, which favors slow the flow of blood into the veins of the nose. Do not throw your head back.

- Packing the nose with the forefinger and thumb and breathe through your mouth for 5 or 10 minutes, this will stop the flow of blood.

- Soak a cotton swab with hydrogen peroxide and place it in the bleeding nostril.

- If the bleeding does not stop at 10 or 15 minutes, seek medical attention quickly.

A sprain is a partial or total rupture of the ligaments. It is caused by a violent force that tears the ligaments that holds the bones in place.

In general sprains symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising or redness in the affected area and inability to move.

There are different types of strains:

• Partial:
The ligament is stretched too far and some of its fibers break. There is pain and swelling. After the injury appear bruises, but the joint can be used to some extent.

• Total or complete ligament breaks completely. Pain and swelling are severe. The bruises show up immediately and the patient can not move the joint.

• dislocated joints: when the ligaments are stretched too far or completely break the bone may move out of place. Pain and swelling are severe.

Sprains can occur in any joint, but the most common are ankle and wrist. In fact, it is known that the strains are responsible for about 15% of all injuries associated with sports.

The first aid for sprains are:

- Elevate the affected limb, even at night.
- Complete rest of the area.
- Application of cold, with ice, but never in direct contact.
- Transfer to hospital for appropriate tests and, if necessary, place a splint or cast.

You should not rub or to massage and should not apply ointments or cream hot.

The recovery process varies between 4 and 6 weeks, but depends on the patient’s age and type of injury. You may need to use crutches to walk, and in some cases may require surgery.

There are many types of burns. They can be thermal burns, electrical burns or contact burns. Each may occur in different ways, but treatment for them is very similar. Depending on the severity of the wound you will assist the person, as the doctor or ambulance arrives.

For burned thermal, chemical or contact, the first step is to run cold water over the burn for at least 30 minutes. If the victim’s clothing is stuck to the burn, do not try to remove it. Remove clothing that is not stuck to the burn by cutting. Cover the burn with a clean cloth. If you do not have a let off. Do not apply any soap, or home remedies.

If the victim has received an electrical burn, the treatment is a little different. Do not touch a victim who has been in contact with electricity unless you are clear of electrical current. If the victim is still in contact with electric current, the electricity will travel through the body of the victim and electrified. Once the victim is clear of electrical current priority is to check that no obstruction of air, which has circulation of blood. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if necessary. Once the victim’s condition is stable, begin to run cold water over the burn for at least 30 minutes. Keep the victim warm until medical help arrives.